It is undeniable that there a lot of people who are not able to tolerate pain sensation. In fact, it is the most common reason for seeking health care. It occurs with many disorders and procedures that in some cases a painkiller is required to redeem the person from the unbearable situation. But analgesics may also bring about other effects. One of the major hazards of both opioid and non-opioid analgesics is hypersensitivity reaction.

Mechanism of the allergic reaction

Pain management is usually accomplished with the use of pharmaceuticals—analgesics that offer instant pain relief. But some people have become sensitized to drug components or their metabolites. The antigens present causes the immune system to produce antibodies (IgE) that ward off the invaders and causing typical symptoms like wheezing, sudden drop in blood pressure, dizziness, increased heart rate,  rashes, hives, and swelling. The reactions may vary in severity depending on the clinical background of the person. Those who have preexisting medical conditions like asthma may have a rapid progression of airway symptoms. Unless treated promptly, these symptoms may lead to cardiac arrest. Examples of common pain medications to cause an allergic reaction are acetaminophen, codeine, morphine, ibuprofen, aspirin, and some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

What your Doctor can do for you

The management depends upon the severity of the reaction. If the patient is a candidate for surgery, prior to transportation to the OR, he is given prophylactic anti-allergy medications. Once an allergic reaction is noted, the medication is discontinued first followed by the administration of antihistamine and corticosteroid. Epinephrine is given as necessary (in the event of bronchoconstriction). IV fluids are given in large amounts and the patient is given 100% oxygen. The patient may need some monitoring afterwards.

What you can do

Awareness is the number one way to beating drug allergies. Knowledge on the symptoms, causes, and management of allergic reactions should be taught to the person having the condition. Once you experience the symptoms mentioned above, immediately call for medical assistance. The progression of analgesic allergy is rapid especially if absorbed systemically and may induce life threatening complications.