If you have asthma, exacerbations would mean a lot of suffering and anxiety. The feeling of doom brought about by shortness of breath and wheezing seems like drowning on dry land.  While there is no cure for asthma, however this near-fatal condition is manageable.

What you should know

Asthma is the term used to describe the chronic inflammation of the mucous linings of the airways that leads to the reduction of the airway diameter, contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi, and increased mucus production that may reduce the passage of air in and out of the lungs. Asthma sufferers have trouble breathing properly. Their lungs and airways are sensitive enough and are easily aggravated into constriction. A number of factors are said to contribute in the development of asthma namely respiratory infections, air pollution, cold, heat, smoking, stress, genetics, and exposure to allergens. Among these, allergy is the strongest factor that predisposes a person for asthma.

Asthma attacks can occur abruptly. And the three most common clinical manifestations are wheezing on exhalation, difficulty of breathing, and cough. At times, cough may or may not produce sputum. In severe cases, the person may even turn cyanotic as a result from poor oxygenation.

What your Doctor can do for you

Asthma affects an estimated 5-10% of the US population. Despite increased knowledge on the pathology of the condition, the death toll is continuously rising. To establish diagnosis, a complete family history and environmental factors is essential. During acute exacerbations, blood tests and sputum exams reveal the proliferation of eosinophils—a type of white blood cell closely associated with allergy. IgE (antibodies for allergic reaction) levels also rise in serum tests. While arterial blood gas analysis reveals low blood oxygen.

Episodes of asthma are best managed by early and prophylactic treatment. Corticosteroids are effective in reducing symptoms. Beta adrenergic agonists are medications of choice for acute symptoms. Mast cell stabilizers are a new class of medications for prophylaxis and leukotriene modifiers also help in decreasing the inflammation. Antihistamines treat nasal symptoms.

What you can do

The major challenge in managing asthma is teaching patients to help control their asthma. The key is to determine the trigger and avoid them as much as possible. Dust, mold, pollen, and animal dander are common inside the house (though it’s never easy to completely eliminate them). If the cause is a respiratory infection, it’s best to consult a doctor for proper treatment. Exercise is also necessary however, begin by warming up with light activities before a vigorous work out. Be sure to take prophylactic medications before exercise. Gradually increase the duration as tolerated. But keep a bronchodilator handy.

Ironically, while patients are encouraged to keep their weight down, corticosteroids result in gaining more. A diet plan should be established upon recommendation of the physician. And lastly, learn to relax. Set a time each day for you to rest and unwind; breathing exercises are also beneficial.