Man’s best friend can also be man’s most dreaded animal. When it comes to hypersensitivity, allergy to dogs is relatively common, even those who own dogs. Fortunately, there are now methods to manage and minimize dog allergy, and even options for the right hypoallergenic breed.

Mechanism of the allergic reaction

Aside from dog dander, allergens from dogs can be found in their saliva too, which is also the main source of allergenic material. The allergens are mostly found in homes who own pets. But sometimes they are also found in other places. They can be brought to the office or at school by the dog owner’s clothes and things.
When dogs scratch and bark, saliva and dander are thrown into the air. Inhalation of the allergens could set off an asthma attack. A dog’s lick is also enough to trigger an allergic reaction. The mechanism is similar to hay fever and the target structure is usually the respiratory tract. Typically, the symptoms are

• sneezing
• stuffy, runny nose with watery discharges
• postnasal drip
• itchy, red, and watery eyes
• itchy throat
• cough

Sometimes, a dog allergy may lead to asthma characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, numbness, and if not immediately treated, the person may become unconscious due to poor oxygenation.

What the Doctor can do for you

If dog allergy is suspected, your Doctor can perform skin tests or a radioallegosorbent test. The physician may also diagnose it through a medical history. Some people may try to get rid of the pet from their home to see if the symptoms will improve, however, normally it would take months before dander will be eliminated from the area.

Decongestants (adrenergic agents) coupled with antihistamines may help relieve the nasal congestion and swelling. Corticosteroids are also prescribed with persons who have allergies. Allergy shots or allergen desensitization is another option, although the full effect may be achieved after several years.

What you can do

Most experts advise to stay away from the animal that causes the allergic reaction. But if you are unwilling to give up your dog, there are still ways to keep them at home with you—or at least maintain a distance.

• Keep the dog off from the bedroom. If possible, just keep the pet outdoors as dander and saliva may stick on furniture and carpets.
• Add a HEPA air filtering device to eradicate the allergens in the air.
• Frequent cleaning is a necessity to minimize the allergens in your home. Use damp clothing to dust furniture instead of using a vacuum cleaner that may stir more allergens into the air.
• Bathe the dog often. Dander and saliva sticking on the fur can be easily removed with water. Have someone bathe the dog when possible. If not, use gloves and mask while doing the procedure.
• Wash your hands or take a shower after playing with your pet. Change your clothing as this might also harbour the allergen.

Choose the right breed of dog. Some people appear to be allergic only to certain breed of dogs. There are also breeds that are least likely to cause allergies and are well-tolerated even by asthmatics.